This, too, has very apparent consequences for astronauts: if they so much as try to turn a screw without anchoring themselves to a wall, they'll find themselves twisting instead. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Some animals flown in space never get the hang of it - one set of new-born quails couldn't adapt to life aboard Russia's Mir space station and died after just a few days. First-timers tend to collect a lot of bruises. Otherwise they'll keep going until they hit something - or someone. And once astronauts get moving they have to remember to stop themselves as they near where they want to be. In practice this means astronauts must learn how to push themselves carefully through their spacecraft, or else they will simply float around helplessly. Newton's Second Law states that force is needed to accelerate or decelerate a body. Nowadays astronauts keep equipment in place with Velcro or bungee straps. Obeying Newton's first law - the same principle of uniform motion that keeps the planets moving around our Sun - the pencil floated out of reach: Gagarin had to complete his log by speaking into a tape recorder. He put down his pencil while writing his log. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, during his pioneering first orbit of the Earth in 1961, was the first to experience the practical effects.
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